Essay example --

1John Adamsthe first vice president of the united States, an American Founding Father, and versed Republicanis most commonly known for being the second president of the United States. As a lifelong antonym to break whizs backry, Adams never bought a knuckle down in his life. He assisted Thomas Jefferson in the writing of the Declaration of Independence, and helped negotiate the peace treaty with Great Britain. Adams won the Presidential Election in 1796 with only having only three votes more(prenominal) than Thomas Jefferson. But John Adams life wasnt entirely based on presidency, obviously. His other(a) life was just as normal as anyone elses. John Adams was born on October 30, 1735 in Quincy, Massachusetts to John Adams senior and Susanna Boylston. Adams birthplace is now part of Adams National Historical Park. 3 He was born into a normal but not wealthy farm family. His sire earned a living as a farmer and shoemaker about fifteen miles away from Boston. Adams loved th e outdoors, and was always skipping school to go hunting and fishing. He would consent preferred a life as a farmer, but later on his dad insisted that he get a formal education. Adams attended a local school that was designed for teaching skills of reading and writing, and he also attended a Latin school for those who be after to go to college. Adams commonly praised his incur and indicated that he and his father were very close when he was a child. Young Adams went to Harvard College at age sixteen in 1751. His father expected him to become a minister, but Adams had doubts. After graduating in 21755, he taught school for a few years in Worcester, allowing himself time to phone about his career choice. afterward on, he decided to become a lawyer, and studied law in the office of John P... ...ever owned a slave either. I think it would pay off been better if he made it so it was illegal to own a slave but then that would havecaused more problems for his presidency and lots of deal would vote against him. I think that once everyone found out about Adams being against slavery, thats what hurt him in the resource when he ran for his second barrier and got beat. I also like that he was all about making the world peaceful, even though he knew people would hate him for it. The way Adams handled wars was in effect(p) because he was always finding a way to make it to peace without actually physically fighting or acquittance to war. Although there were wars that they went to, Adams did what he had to do to get it over with. He made his way around war as much as possible. Overall, John Adams is one of my favorite presidents mostly because of what he did and what he believed in. Essay example -- 1John Adamsthe first vice president of the United States, an American Founding Father, and well-educated Republicanis most commonly known for being the second president of the United States. As a lifelong opponent to slavery, Adams never bought a slav e in his life. He assisted Thomas Jefferson in the writing of the Declaration of Independence, and helped negotiate the peace treaty with Great Britain. Adams won the Presidential Election in 1796 with only having only three votes more than Thomas Jefferson. But John Adams life wasnt all based on presidency, obviously. His early life was just as normal as anyone elses. John Adams was born on October 30, 1735 in Quincy, Massachusetts to John Adams Sr. and Susanna Boylston. Adams birthplace is now part of Adams National Historical Park. 3 He was born into a normal but not wealthy farming family. His father earned a living as a farmer and shoemaker about fifteen miles away from Boston. Adams loved the outdoors, and was always skipping school to go hunting and fishing. He would have preferred a life as a farmer, but later on his dad insisted that he get a formal education. Adams attended a local school that was designed for teaching skills of reading and writing, and he also attended a Latin school for those who planned to go to college. Adams commonly praised his father and indicated that he and his father were very close when he was a child. Young Adams went to Harvard College at age sixteen in 1751. His father expected him to become a minister, but Adams had doubts. After graduating in 21755, he taught school for a few years in Worcester, allowing himself time to think about his career choice. Later on, he decided to become a lawyer, and studied law in the office of John P... ...ever owned a slave either. I think it would have been better if he made it so it was illegal to own a slave but then that would havecaused more problems for his presidency and lots of people would vote against him. I think that once everyone found out about Adams being against slavery, thats what hurt him in the election when he ran for his second term and got beat. I also like that he was all about making the world peaceful, even though he knew people would hate him for it. The way Ad ams handled wars was good because he was always finding a way to make it to peace without actually physically fighting or going to war. Although there were wars that they went to, Adams did what he had to do to get it over with. He made his way around war as much as possible. Overall, John Adams is one of my favorite presidents mostly because of what he did and what he believed in.

Act One, Scenes Six and Seven in Educating Rita :: Educating Rita Plays Willy Russell Essays

Act One, Scenes Six and Seven in Educating RitaRe-read Act 1 scenes 6 and 7 of Educating Rita. How does WillyRussell suggest that these scenes are important stages in Ritasdevelopment?When we speak of the way that Rita is educated we speak of twodifferent types of education. Frank is Ritas teacher for both thesetypes of education as he is a person who Rita looks up to andidolises to an extent. Not only is she educated in EnglishLiterature to gain a qualification, merely also she is also educated tomake the transition from the lower social class towards the middle(a)one. Rita also sees Frank as someone to look up to, as he is where shewants to be in life.Scenes six and seven come roughly half way through the sport. This issignificant because we are looking at Rita halfway through herchallenge of gaining an Open University degree and her challenge ofbecoming the person she truly wants to be.The play is centred on two main characters, Frank, a middle class,alcoholic University tutor and Rita, a working class, scousehairdresser, who are very different. Rita decides to enrol on an OpenUniversity English Literature course in rules of order to try to create abetter life for herself. Her tutor for this course is Frank. Howeverat first Frank tells Rita to find a new tutor, precisely Rita refuses andthey continue to work together. Franks fondness for Rita continues togrow over time and he warms to her and her witty, individualisticnature. However Ritas quest to further her knowl butt is troubled byher economise Dennys disagreement with what she is doing. Yet thissimply fuels Ritas ambition more and leaves her hungry for success.Rita is more passionate about gaining the qualification than ever whenshe goes to see a production of Macbeth, so much so, in fact, thatshe even buys the book. Rita shows how much her relationship withFrank means to her when she goes to tell him first thing the next day But listen, it wasnt borin it was bleedin great honest, ogh, it do me in .Having watched the professional production, Rita displays excitementand enthusiasm and has an eagerness for more. Ritas attitude changesfrom her expectations of a boring play to sheer astonishment that sheenjoys it so much. Rita watches with an open mind and she herself issurprised that she enjoyed the play and the general atmosphere somuch. She expresses this to Frank by informing him that at one pointshe wanted to stand up and shout I was on the edge of me seat at

A Sociological View of Rastafarianism Essay -- Religion Sociology Rast

Organized trust is a duality between the religion and the church which represents it. Sometimes the representation of the religion is marred and flawed to those who view it because of the bureaucracy contained within. Unknown to those who gaze upon the dissolved morals and values of what is perceived to be the contradiction known as modern religion, it was never intended to be this way. Most religions started off as a sect, a minor detail on the fringes of the society it never wanted to represent. Rastfarianism is such a sect. The differences between Rastafarianism and a normal mainstream religion are numberless, including no set membership, no authoritative leader, no offices of authority, no trained clergy and no involvement with the world as a whole. Rastafarianism is based upon an underrepresented minority which needed hope in the face in announce demise. According to Max Weber, religion emerges to satisfy a social need. In treating suffering as a symptom of odiousness in the eyes of gods and as a sign of secret guilt, religion has psychologically met a very general need (Weber 271). Rastafarianism emerges in the slums of Kingston, Jamaica in the 1930s to meet the needs of the poor, incapable black Jamaicans who needed a hope. The social situation which was emerging in the 1930s which called for this need was as follows. Jamaica was a commonwealth of the British Empire. It had recently, around 1884, get a write in clause to their constitution which stipulated if the new government did not succeed and the economic life of Jamaica were to suffer because of it, the political constitution would be amended or abolished to meet new conditions. Black Jamaicans had a taste for power in their mouths and in 1938, this erupted in labor riots and violence. This act did nothing for their cause. It would be quiet be 30 years until Jamaica received its independence. Blacks in Jamaica were the victims of social stratification which left them at the bottom rung of the ladder. They had menial jobs such as theatre of operations worker or an attendant at the sugar plant, if they had jobs at all. The blacks were suffering as a people and as an organized group. Ethopianism had been introduced to Jamaica in 1784 by George Liele, by adding it to the name of his Baptist church, hoping to graft itself onto the African religion of Jamaican slaves. But the movement to em... ... it integrates those involved within it. The falsity is what people believe. So, if people change, the religion changes with the people, not necessarily minor beliefs within it. It is a cycle which includes the transfer of old gods to new gods, completely changing the religion with society.Rastafarianism has not faded away, and in fact has stagger its brethren among many areas of the world. The Rastafarian movement is no longer a mere revolutionary movement it has become a part of the establishment, a part of government officials (Barret 245). Rastafarianism may have started on the fringes of Jamaican society, but it now a representation of what it considered hell. In terms of an outsider, Jamaica is no longer Babylon, it is now Rastafaria, a grade on the way to utopian Zion. Rastafarianism is now an integration of all of Jamaican society rather that just one social strata. Its changes have moved on with the changes of Jamaica as a nation. The people of Jamaica are interchangeable with Rastafarianism. It is ironic which a group so hating of their own environment would become such a coerce as to represent it to the world. Rastafarianism is truly by the people, for the people.

retail image study :: essays research papers

SUMMARY OF RETAIL CONCEPT AND BRAND PERSONALITYIn a contemporary market place, retail branding is considered paramount in the retailing industry to influence customer perceptions and drive store choice and loyalty. Ailawadi (2004).Digital Marketing Group (2004) defines effective branding as the proprietary visual, emotional, rational, and ethnical image associated with a company or a return. The purpose of having people remember the brand name and have positive associations with that brand is to make their product selection easier and enhance the value and satisfaction they get from the product.The first store examined, being Worldwide Appliances at Glendale, would be categorized as a gift home electrical and appliance store. The store has a wide offering from luxury heights end audio visual equipment to common need base items such as kettles, irons and ovens.Worldwide Appliances branding consists of a long running slogan Where the worlds best brands, compete for your prices Th is statement asserts the organizations desire to be considered as a provider of high quality products, whilst still remaining price competitive. This branding diversification allows Worldwide to compete for multiple niche markets.Levy and Weitz (2004) enlighten the retail concept as a management orientation which is aimed towards determining the needs of the retailers target market and directing the firm to lusty those needs When considering the retail concept that Worldwide Appliances have adopted, it has created a mixed or unique concept that has been well absorbed by consumers. Through the combine of high end products and the exploitation economies of scale utilized through its large size, it heap offer warehouse style prices on its upper range of electrical products. This creates an immediate competitive advantage over smaller electrical stores.A holistic brand image integrates entities such as values, colours, name, symbols, words and slogans (Chernatony 2000) Worldwide can not be completely classified with a singular holistic brand image, in fact their strength lies in their ability to be connect with two contrasting images. One of simplicity, discount prices and availability when common place electrical products are considered such as small electrical goods and that of a high quality, knowledgeable, want based supplier when products such as home theatres and imported boutique brands are considered (eg. Audioloop)KEY DRIVERS OF RETAIL IMAGEThe second examined store was The grave Guys at Kotara. This store, through its branding, does an excellent job of defining itself to its potential consumers. The recent addition of

Dostoevskys The Brothers Karamazov Essay examples -- Brothers Karamaz

The Brothers Karamazov - Thriller The Brothers Karamazov is an enthralling thriller about the strive for self-redemption in the eyes of God as well as in the hearts of the Russians. The murder of Fyodor Karamazov, a irrational and heartless savage who betrays his own sons of a fathers care, venomously seeps its way into Dmitri, Ivan, and Alyoshas lives causing innocence to request fault and suffering. With intricate characterizations, Dostoevsky magnificently presents the internal agony that derives from a wavering spirit. The religious teachings of the great elder Father Zosima engross the minds of the spiritually inadequate throughout the novel. Dostoevsky essentially carries these guidelines to peaceful immortality by means of the character Alyosha. At the death bed of the holy man, Alyosha absorbs the sanctified secrets and thus transmits them,through Dostoevskys technique of linkage, into the minds of about all of the characters in the novel, creating a strong, common vi ne that integrates itself from the beginning paragraph to the epilogue. The main system that ...

Dostoevskys The Brothers Karamazov Essay examples -- Brothers Karamaz

The Brothers Karamazov - Thriller The Brothers Karamazov is an enthralling thriller about the strive for self-redemption in the eyes of God as well as in the hearts of the Russians. The capital punishment of Fyodor Karamazov, a foolish and heartless savage who betrays his own sons of a fathers care, venomously seeps its way into Dmitri, Ivan, and Alyoshas lives causing innocence to request fault and suffering. With intricate characterizations, Dostoevsky magnificently presents the inner(a) agony that derives from a wavering spirit. The religious teachings of the great elder Father Zosima engross the minds of the spiritually inadequate throughout the novel. Dostoevsky essentially carries these guidelines to peaceful immortality by way of the character Alyosha. At the death bed of the holy man, Alyosha absorbs the sanctified secrets and thus transmits them,through Dostoevskys technique of linkage, into the minds of about all of the characters in the novel, creating a strong, common vine that integrates itself from the beginning carve up to the epilogue. The main theory that ...

The Affects of Video Games on Children

Do idiot box games truly actuate the split of a child record? The near widely used positive impact idiot box games atomic number 18 said to have on children is that they may improve a players manual(a) readiness and computer literacy (Norcia, Andrea 1). This is confirming that pic games weed help people with poor manual dexterity skills. My opinion is that adults should not blame aggression of children on specific gad possesss such as photo games. Video games should be amplified more now than ever and they locomote kids negative by turning their focus polish off school.In opinion violent photograph games do not affect kids unless they are ignorant. Video games are very helpful despite the aggression it amplifies. My literary argument on this subject is that exposure games affect the United States children and adolescence but the people that play these tv games trust people perceive the concept of gaming wrong. Do video games only affect kids that are susceptible to the rompction and emotions of the video game or is it the person themselves. nation have perceived also that video games can have a negative effect on a kids social evolution but in my opinion believe that children function quite well socially for a people who interact with video games. Do you really believe that video games in truth affect the parts of a childs brain development? Do you think that the G. P. A of a child that plays video games is lower than one that does not? Its believed even though video games have advantages they play have negative effects on children (Deepa Kartha 16) .The developments of people that play video games are as right on intuitive as people who fraternize in different hobbies. Parents believe that it can affect a teenagers work if there to focused on the video games and not on the schoolwork. Game fanatic teenagers actually can focus more in school because it keeps there mind set of the real linguistic communication ignorance in legislature. Do you believe that games affect kids or is just the video games that they play that affect them not the video games?People believe that violent video games affect the mind more than any other video game part out in the world. Classmates believe that children are more affected by games that have vulgar images in them. People develop the thought that kids are affected on their person not the action in a practical(prenominal) stimulation and if that is the case time will get worse. Do you believe that video games can change the effect that they have on none completely demonstrable children. Do you think that people and the way that they create video games energize the child develop badly or is it the parent?People maintain that certain types of parents will challenge their child and blame it on their favorite objects for them being bad and or negligent parental figures. Do you believe that it can be the kids fault for neglecting his studies because he is vie to many video games ? Theoretical gamers believe that the people that play video games all the time are slightlytimes not even mildly affected by the Meer concept that people believe they might lose certain mental functions from playing a video game.It is proven that all people are supposedly affected in just about mental way when it come to video games that there functioning brain cells develop slower when they focus on the virtual reality in some video games. Do you believe that video games really affect the nous of certain people that play many particular video games? It has been proven that when playing your attitude and aggression spots in your brain have been actuate more. The facts have been proven that people co develop more when playing videogames with friends and or family members.Certain families play video games and yet they can and still do their schools work. Particular people play video games and text and it doesnt affect them at all they still function quite fluently above others. D o you believe that some kids can have video games affect them just by watching other kids and young adults play the vulgar violence breed and gore video games? People described I believe that certain videogames can help you develop mentally and to keep kids entertained and functioning for the following day.Adolescences little brothers and or sister play video games with me and he has better grades than I do so I think that video games do not affect anything. People believe that a video game can mentally keep some people willing to strive but some people can take the video games so seriously there willing to kill themselves if they lose at the virtual life. Do you believe that some children can have video games affect them by interacting reading and or listening to the dialogue of the cut scenes in the video games? In a betoken of opinion people believe that video games do not affect hildren or and yet still the media have yet to verify the children that have a 4. 0 G. P. A and ar e very successful at life and in adulthood. People believe that they can also develop from the violent necessities of the video game world and people believe it keeps you in virtual contact. It has been stated by many that if u do not let the game get to serious than you will not be affected by the perceived statistics of the video game world. Do your really believe that video games can affect the way that you excel in school or develop in mental methods.People believe that It depends where your opinion come from when you develop your choice on having video games or not. It is perceived that the average teen video game player plays video more than 5 hours a day (Norcia, Andrea 18). people are believed to have developed also the concept that besides causing kid s to slip up in school it can also affect their eyes because kids get closer to the television to interact more. Certain people that play video games believe that it actually does affect your eyes after dogged periods of time .Other people believe that video games are one of the most accurate ways to calm down and settle their mind. It has been described that the simplistic of the video game world have been misunderstood articles. People think that kids actually just like to play video games and nothing affects them at all maybe there eyes but that is it. If children did not have video games I believe that it would make them angered and disappointed that something the adults made for them we be taken from them.It is believed the development of children depends on the way that they raise their child because at delegated times parents will blame their attitude on video games. Do you believe that video games actually affect the mind of a young child? Does video games have anything to do with a kids brain or is it just the child themselves its believed to be a type of mental ability that affects the mind of a video game playing child. Will it always be perceived that the children that play video games can a ctually lose brain cells from different undeveloped digital video games?It is believed by many that video games can be a low type of habit or hobby yet people still play video games to fill their virtual hunger for the unreal lust of life. People will always have their own single thought opinions about children and their mental development when playing video games because specific video game playing children react differently to it. Do video games really affect the development of parts in a Childs brain or is it the child? Do video games affect the minds of children or do the children develop their own sense of ignorance.People have played video games for year and have never has any type of damage done to them mentally People believe that they can describe video games as a virtual world of excitement that can make you change your objectives of life into a different type of perspective. Phew gamers agree with the industry on saying that video games can actually affect your stand poi nt when it comes to living life. Do you believe that everything revolves around video when thinking about a kids brain cells or is it just the violence and directive of the video game.Do you believe that video games affect the simple parts of a Childs brain or can it really mentally disable them? Have you ever developed the point in this paper that children need video games so that they can develop more intelligently and learn more things that have life to quip them? People have really developed a life line around the gaming system that all people who play are the similar as all the others but we all play different games and we all play for different types of reasons. Do you still believe that video game really affect part of the Childs brain or is that just the way people perceive it to be?Do you really believe that kids can be mentally affected by the virtual game world? (Deepa, Kartha 1) States Video games were first introduced in the 1970s and have now become an invariable sou rce of fun and entertainment for children. (Norcia, Andrea 2) States They are a unique form of entertainment, because they encourage players to become a part of the games script. Can video games help manual dexterity and can develop different notations on your computer knowledge. So are video games for better or for worse all will they stay or will they leave?

Neo-malthusian theory Essay

Explain the neo-malthusian theory with relevance to the current world situation The term neo-Malthusianism was first used in 1877 by Dr. Samuel Van Houten, one of the vice- presidents of the Malthusian League. Neo-Malthusian theory is derived from Thomas Malthus proposition that limited picks keep nations in check and reduce economic growth. Neo- Malthusianism was not practiced a campaign in favour of birth control it was particular perspective on the effects of population on human conduct and behaviour. It essay to justify the growing impoerishment of working people by pseudo-scientific theories of absolute over-population, and diminishing returns on the soil. The neo-Malthusian movement therefore was antithetical from conventional Malthusian position on two counts it stressed on birth control methods and also identified the working variety with the problem of overpopulation. The overcrowded industrial slums were identified as sites of moral degeneration. However, some key fa cts on the neo-malthusian perspective must be identified. They believe that everyone can contribute to society, secondly, population increases geometrically and food interpret/ subsistence increases arithmetically.Also, they advocated speed discrimination and thought that Birth Control, war epidemics atomic number 18 used to promote capitalism and alleviate misery of the masses. In contemporary societies today, it can be ascertained that there is an existent division of people, whether it may the rich or the poor, financially stable or financially unstable, or most comm yet known, The Bourgeoisie and the Proletariat, as mentioned by Karl Marx. Neo-Malthusians strongly believe that all the individuals in society can contribute to society no matter the division and which class they may expire in ( upper or lower class). They did not specifically measure the amount of contributions that each class were able to present but mainly pore on how the contributions of one class was bene ficial to the other, (lower to upper), Marx would however argue that the Bourgeoisie only engage in such activities as it is more beneficial to them and it only helps exploit the Proletariat. It can be discover in society today, that the proletariat be exploited through a term called alienation, this is where the proletariat are slip off from consuming the goods they produced.For e.g. sweat shops in China, proletariat are forced to produce goods/services for little to almost no income and after the good has beenproduced they are unable to obtain it as it is too pricy. It must be celebrated that there has been change in society today, as some individuals of the lower class are able to experience upward social mobility, and thus this reinforces the neo-malthusians suggestion that everyone can contribute to society, not only to the benefit of the capitalists but to the proletariat themselves. As it pertains to the population and food supply it can be observed that in societies toda y, 3rd world societies to be specific, the food supply to population ratio is sort of uneven. The Neo-Malthusians, who agree with Malthus, would not only argue that this is delinquent to the population growing at a faster rate than the food supply but this is due to the drainage of resources. As it known, that the world has limited resources, and they would argue that these limited resources help keep population in check. They state that population increases geometrically and food supply/ subsistence increases arithmetically.Subsistence in this instance may be defined as just enough for human survival. As it pertains to the process where resources become exhausted, it can be noted that in many third world countries of the Caribbean (Antigua, Dominica) , Agriculture is used as a major source of income, however due it being done over and over the soil is ripped of it nutrients which is needed to help grow various crops. up to now some simple resources are be plan of attack scarce t o societies today. For e.g the current situation in Antigua and Barbuda, where the population there are currently experiencing a shortage of portable water even though water by itself is there in abundance. Even though they have the technology to produce such resources they are in no economic position to maintain the technology. However, critics may argue that there are mechanisms put in place to help sustain goods(food). Namely, the increase in prices of various products (inflation), they would state that this could cause individuals of the population to purchase/consume smaller quantities of different goods and would therefore cause the ratio of population growth and food supply to turn towards a more even figure.However, the neo-Malthusians may however argue that this doesnt help the problem of excess population growth since the individuals who produce most of the population (lower class) would not be able to afford these goods. The socialists consistently maintained that the pe rmeate and cry over population was a way to divert the focus from the core issues of inequality and class struggle. For the socialists, the real issuewas unequal access to resources than emerging population. According to them, there was enough for everyone, provided resources are shared equally. The problem lay in the lack of equal distribution, with the bourgeois and the propertied class un exiting to shit up the large share of resources under their control. As noted The neo-Malthusian movement was different from conventional Malthusian position on two counts it stressed on birth control methods and also identified the working class with the problem of overpopulation. The overcrowded industrial slums were identified as sites of moral degeneration. This diverted the debate on population from issues of poverty and unequal access to resources, to birth control per se. In fact, the assumption was that access to commons or availability of resources would give the poor little preceden t to abstain from having more children. Neo- Malthusianism thereby reinforced the ideology of private property, individualism and capitalism.The neo-Malthusian position found favour with the elite sentiments on the issue of overpopulation. The elite, threatened by the growing numbers of commoners, considered birth control as an important means of checking future conflict over their property. It can be observed that such an origin is true, as in societies today, many individuals seek to install security systems on their homes, cars and other fixed assets, these individuals are usually members of the upper class. They do this as a means to try to prevent members of the proletariat from obtaining their assets. Theft is a common issue in most societies today, one problem can also mastermind to another, theft to homicide. All of which are blamed on the proletariat as they are unable to provide for their families after they engage in mass reproduction. For example, in third world countr ies today it is usually children of the poor that drop out of school at an early age that engage in violent activities and are usually beggars at the side of the street. Paul Ehrlich is a very vocal and prominent neo-malthusian.He wrote the book Population Bomb which warned us of a coming mass starvation because of over-population and pushed population control (abortion and birth control). He encouraged government intervention into the population issue. Lastly the Neo-Malthusians advocated race discrimination, it can be observed in societies today that there is not only a division of class, but also of race and color (Black and White). This may have stemmed from thralldom however and is still present in society today. It is usually the blacks who partakein agriculture and hard labor work while the whites who are in the offices and even though their work may not be as hard they still gain higher incomes. No need to debate as the top three richest individuals in the world today are W hite. In conclusion, it can be observed that the neo-malthusian theory follows Mathus theory that the worlds resources will not be able to support the population at a certain point, and the population will turn to chaos, finally resulting in extinction of humans. It indicates a correlation between food and population growth, and lastly they saw abortion and birth control as a way to slow this decreasing resource that the future holds.

Practical Proposal

Should Minnesotas County Road Commissions Take on More business? Katherine Monrowe ENG 101b Professor B. Hatchett November 10, 2008 November 8, 2008 Mr. Walter Hooper Chairman of T. R. County Road Commission 1881 Labree Ave. Thief River Falls, MN 56701 Dear Mr. Hooper, Enclosed is my proposal that the T. R. County Road Commission begin to plow and/or gritrock the main business commuter pathwaystead more frequently after and during inclement weather. During the past tense couple of years, the road commission has been too ill inclined(p) to deal with the winter weather, and the lack of preparedness has caused more unfortunate accidents.My proposal would provide concerned Thief River Falls residents with a renewed sense of security. I call back that if the road commission were to increase the amount of clips that the roads are plowed during and after winter weather, residents would feel more loyalty and honour towards those who work for our county, and it would help residents to live with a safer commute to their jobs and their homes. Thank you for taking the time to read and consider this proposal. Sincerely, Katherine Monrowe Should Minnesotas County Road Commissions Take on More Responsibility? The winters in Northern Minnesota are harsh, cold, and dangerous.The average snowfall for the affirm falls between 30 and 38 inches per year. Within the past five years, the temperatures have been known to fluctuate greatly from warmer temperatures during the day, to below freezing through the night. These temperature changes can cause dangerous road conditions, such as black ice, which can harmful or even deadly. Along with the weather changes, the county road commissions throughout Minnesota have been making changes as well they have, significantly, boot out back on the amount of time and effort that they spend plowing, sanding, and/or salting the roads.These cut backs may seem minor, but they are resulting in many unnecessary accidents and less than desi r open driving conditions. This forces residents to ask the question, should Minnesotas country road commissions production on more responsibility? I believe that the best solution to this problem would be to designate specific times of the day, during the winter months, to plowing/sanding/salting, and require that more attention be paid to the roads when the weather conditions are dangerous.I think that if the residents of Thief River County, and potentially the entire of subject Michigan, were provided with a safer commute, they would feel more loyalty and respect towards those who work for our county. After the state of Minnesota implemented many budget cuts, funding was cut too many important organizations, one being the county road commissions. Our government officials fail to experience all that entails these budget cuts. Not only have the driving conditions suffered, but parking lot conditions have also.The handicap parking spaces are completely disregarded, cause handica pped and elderly citizens to risk injury by parking or walking through snow and ice (Schneider, 2001). Not only are those who try themselves affected by the winter road conditions, but those who utilize public transportation are affected as well. If the road commission is slow to take concern of roads, then public transportation (e. g. buses, taxis, etc) will be late to pick up its passengers. This, in turn, will make its passengers late for work and may cause them to lose their jobs.Also, some may argue that there is always a risk while driving, and more time spent taking care of the roads during the winter will not lessen the risk. However, M. Peden states, While in practical terms it may not be possible completely to pass off all risk, it is possible to reduce the exposure to risk of severe injury and to minimize its intensity and consequences (2004). Pedens quote states exactly the point that I am trying to prove. I understand that the risk will not be completely taken away however, the hances can be significantly reduced if the roads are plowed and sanded. It is clear to see that the budget cuts are more of a risk, and the increase in accidents and the need for tow trucks have cost the state even more money. Marina Fulton, of Kingston, has a thirty-minute commute to her office and when the weather is at its worse, Fulton has to leave an extra hour early just to make it to work on time (2008). Obviously, the winters of Northern Minnesota are going to be dangerous, even though the road conditions could be improved.However, if the roads were properly taken care of, residents would have more time to get to their jobs and feel safer on their way. I believe that if the T. R. county road commission were to implement the suggestions in this proposal in January of 2009, theyd be able to get a head start on the months in which winter is its harshest. Linda Boonstrand, of Thief River, stated I would definitely feel safer driving with my cardinal young daughters if the road commission were to take care of the roads more thoroughly (2008). With the advances in technology that our country is continuing to make, road commissions should be able to find out when inclement weather in on its way and be prepared to take care of the roads (Committee on Weather inquiry for Transportation, 2004). In conclusion, I am calling upon my county to spend more time taking care of the roads during the winter months, especially more during inclement weather. I believe that the extra time spent clearing/sanding/salting the roads throughout the winter will result in a safer and happier community.Thank you for taking the time to review and consider this proposal. I look forward to hearing from you. Works Cited Boonstrand, L. (December 6, 2008) individualized interview. Committee on Weather Research for Surface Transportation. (2004). Where the weather meets the road a research agenda for improving road weather services. Washington, DC National Academies Press. Retrieved December, 6, 2008, from NetLibrary Database. Downs, A. (2004). Still stuck in traffic coping with peak-hour traffic congestion. Washington, D. C. Brookings Institution Press.Retrieved December, 6, 2008, from NetLibrary database.. Fulton, M. (December 5, 2008) Personal interview. King, K. (2002, May 23). New budget calls for slight trims in city taxes, staff Manager Holt says the citys lean operation continues. The Grand Rapids Press Online. Retrieved on December, 7, 2008, from Newsbank database. Peden, M. M. (2004). World report on road traffic injury prevention. Geneva WHO. Retrieved December, 6, 2008, from NetLibrary database. Schneider, J. (2001, January 29). Tight spot. The Lansing State Journal Online. Retrieved on December, 10, 2008, from Newsbank database.

Life Payments Essay

It is 1033 AM. You are awaken abruptly from your alarm. You prepare yourself for the day ahead. The day has been red well so far. It is now 1225 PM. You step into your vehicle hoping to stop at the best burger place in town for lunch. The preceding are the last thing you remember when you wake up cold, sweaty, and drowsy from your coma. Changing perspectives, you are a family member now. Your brother has been in a horrific elevator car accident and is in a coma for thirteen days now. How will you communicate with him? How will you tell him that you love him and are here for him?Most importantly, how do you know that he is still alive? For those who dont know, a coma is a persistent vegetative maintain, also known as PVS. stupor is also defined as a state of almost total unresponsiveness to orthogonal stimulation in which the patient lies with his eyes closed. It is a restrict in which the normal cognitive and communicative functioning of the patient is hampered. A coma may occ ur for various reasons, much(prenominal) as intoxication, CNS (central anxious system) diseases, a serious injury, and hypoxia (oxygen deprivation).But there have been a number of cases across the world like the example mentioned above. A 26-year-old patient named Kate Bainbridge had a viral infection which had put her in a coma a condition that generally persists for two to four weeks, after which patients die, recover fully or, in out of date cases, slip into a vegetative or a minimally conscious state. (Tutton) And there is most notably Rom Houben, also known as unhurried 23. Allan Hall reports Alive but unresponsive, he has been in a coma for 23 years since he has been 24 years old. Ongoing research in the field of comatose communication has found out that there may be small islands of consciousness, even in persistent vegetative states, like such in Houbens case.And this is how, through comatose communication and other methods such as fMRIs, they were able to conclude that Houben was still alive in his body. This could be some other example of how the conscious is separate from the physical body. So why should you care? How can coma work help patients, families, and caregivers? Coma work furthers the internal and external ommunication of patients in altered consciousness.This can aid patients to complete inner work and spontaneously come closer to the surface, and at times even all the fashion out of coma or other altered consciousness. With metabolic comas emergence can be quick and dramatic. Mark Tutton, an author at CNN. com, reports a discipline carried out last year on 103 patients by Laureys and his colleagues at Lieges Coma Science Group found that 41 percent of patients in a Minimally Conscious State (MCS) were misdiagnosed as being in the much more serious Vegetative State (VS).Dr. Daniel Hanley, professor of neurology at Johns Hopkins Medicine, in Maryland, told CNN that VS is a coma-like state in which patients have a sleep and wake cyc le, and can show reflex chewing, swallowing and blinking, but dont move to language or stimulation. With coma from traumatic brain injury and other causes, progress is usually slow, but measurable. Progress can be accelerated if the sensory faculty for coma communication is heightened.Families and caregivers are often relieved to find ways to communicate with loved ones and clients about treatment options, life and death decisions, and love and face-to-face connection. Family and caregivers often feel validated about their perceptions of subtle cues they have noticed. Now put the shoe on the other foot and imagine if you yourself were to be in a coma today. Wouldnt you like a way to tell your family that you are alive, are ready to fight through it and come out of your PVS state? Surely yes.

Functional Areas

Functional Area Interrelationships Kudler book Foods Charles Burt, Megan Engelking, Lou Gamache, Rebecca Lanham, and Julie Lee University of Phoenix BUS 475 July 24, 2011 Phyllis Koch Functional Area Interrelationships This paper is based on the Kudler Fine Foods (KFF) virtual presidential term scenario presented in University of Phoenix Business 475 course (Apollo Group, Inc. , 2009). The following topics will be covered about KFF the main motivation for the KFF existence from analyzing the vision, delegating, values, goals, and the basis for the type of managerial social organisation employed by KFF.We will identify the key positions that support that nerveal structure explaining all go of the collaboration process among the serviceable sections that moldiness be employed to accomplish organizational aspirations. An action arrangement is to execute the collaboration process, giving an example of the use of lateral and unsloped collaboration at bottom KFF will be given. Anot her topic will be identifying the key stakeholders and their roles needed to achieve the executive goals, and recommend the collaborative actions among the significant stakeholders to facilitate the organizations accomplishments.Reason for creative activity Analyzing the strategic plan of KFF reveals the primary reasons for the organizations existence, and that key components atomic number 18 naturalised for the future victor of the bon ton. The mission statement is one of those key components. The mission statement states that the organization is committed to customer satisfaction by providing the finest of foods coupled with knowledgeable, experienced, and helpful staff (Kudler Fine Foods Our Mission, 2003, Para. 3).The purpose for a mission plan is to abide guidance for the actions of an organization and to help direct decision-making. The mission plan will further identify organizational goals along with the responsibilities that exist to the customer and other stake-ho lders. KFF has established a mission statement that identifies strong commitment to company goals and values. Another key component to strategic planning is the vision. A vision statement provides a final objective or goal for the organization.Further more(prenominal), it identifies the future result when objectives found in the mission statement be met. Although little is mentioned in the virtual organization link for customers to see about a specific future vision for the company, one may gather the future expectations loftylighted in the mission plan. Visionary thoughts include the expectation for KFF to be the purveyor of choice for customers aspiring to purchase the finest epicurean delights (Kudler Fine Foods Mission Plan, 2003, Para. 3).However, strategic plan the vision Is stated for internal use that Kudler Fine Foods will be the premiere gourmet grocery store for those savvy shoppers who are searching for the finest meats, produce, cheeses, and wine (Kudler Fine Food s Strategic Plan, 2003, p. 3). The values and goals of KFF contri thate to the strategic plan of the organization and identify further reasons for the existence of the organization. The mickle at KFF understand the high standards that exist in providing quality food. Furthermore, they understand the responsibility to the biotic community and their employees.By taking extra measures, KFF fulfills this responsibility with its Social Responsibility Statement. In an effort to contribute to the local anaesthetic economy, buyers will seek to purchase from local organic farmers when high standards are met. The bakery takes extra steps to ensure healthier baked goods through the use of unbleached flour and seeing that ingredients have no preservatives. Additionally, and sure noteworthy, KFF rotates food from the shelves and donates food still in good condition to local homeless shelters and food kitchens (Kudler Fine Foods Strategic Plan, 2003, p. ). These efforts demonstrate the comm itment to values and the address social responsibility. KFF reveals many reasons for the organizations existence through its use of the companys mission, vision, values, and goals. Organizational Structure A business organizational structure is critical to the business and the employees. An organizational structure is the manner in which an organization arranges (or rearranges) itself (Fontaine, 2007, p. 6). At Kudler Fine Foods (KFF) the organizational structure that they operate under is a running(a) structure.A functional organizational structure is a structure where the position and function of employees are clearly specified. The business is divided into separate incisions with specific tasks (Pearce Robinson, 2009). KFF has a pecking order of authority, which defines who is in charge of which fundamentals and who reports to whom. The decision making, ideas, and plans come from the top hierarchy, in this case Kathy Kudler, the president of KFF. KFF has a vertical dimensio n with several levels of management. Kudler Fine Foods has a total of three stores that make up the framework of the organizational structure.For instance, the president is at top working with the three store managers. Each store has the aforesaid(prenominal) structure hierarchy beginning with the store manager. Under the store manager is the assistant store manager and continues to branch out to the four different department managers produce and foodstuffs spirits, cheeses, and wine meats, and seafood bakery, and pastries. The key positions that hold the structure together is the administration staff consisting of the president, director of administration and human resources, finance, and accounting, and store trading operations.Many levels of management exist in the structure. Every employee has a defined role, all of which with the common goal of meeting the postulate of the consumer. Kudler Fine Foods operates in a centralized manner allowing KFF to have more upper managemen t control. With a functional structure every employees role is important to the vision and goal of the business. Collaboration Process Todays enterprises are seek to create more specialized features through globalization andcollaboration (Park, 2003, p. 5). Several steps are in the collaboration process.The depression step is for all the people in the process to come to an agreement on the collaboration process. The second step is for all the people involved in the process to understand the need of reaching the same goal. The third step in the process is for all people involved to work together and share the responsibilities in making the decisions. The stern step is to make sure all people have resources, which they intend to share with the others involved. The fifth process is making sure everyone knows that with the shared responsibility, during the collaboration, each someone is also responsible for the outcome.The final step in the collaboration process is establishing trus t among everyone involved. Trust is a huge factor into how well a squad performs. After working out all the details to the steps in the collaboration process, the members must make sure the schedule and guidelines are discussed and followed. Developing guidelines is a way to make sure all people involved are held accountable for the inactions or actions within the group. Kudler Fine Foods has started the collaboration process and the first KFF needs to do is have the purchasing and inventory managers start the process.The largest success of Kudler Fine Foods is the customers continuing to shop at the stores. To keep the customers coming okay to Kudler Fine Foods, the collaboration team needs to consider the needs and wants of the customers. The inventory manager will assist by advising the team what products are selling and what products are not. The product manager may determine a better position in the store to make sure the non-selling items sell or the two individuals may cut back on that particular product to lessen the overhead.Kudler Fine Foods will need to implement an action plan to keep customers coming back, but also to introduce new products to the customers. Kudler Fine Foods has initiated a frequent shopper program, which enables customers to earn rewards with purchases. Rewards are coupons or a certain dollar amount off the total shopping order once a certain level of purchases is met. KFF must also increase the marketing of the company and the rewards program to make sure the customers sensible of the program.The marketing manager can collaborate with the inventory and purchasing managers to discuss how to best implement a successful marketing plan. Setting these processes in enquiry will give KFF an advantage above the competition Lateral and Vertical Collaboration Lateral collaboration occurs between the equivalent level of employees within the organization, and vertical collaboration would be between employees with a superior and subord inate relationship. An example of vertical collaboration occurred when Kathy Kudler coordinates the selection of sale merchandise with the store managers during the weekly operations meetings.Kathy has oversight of the entire organization and directs the merchandise and sale processes with her subordinate store managers. Good lateral collaboration is illustrated by cooperation between store managers in facilitating resupply of advertise merchandise between stores, to the stores with a higher demand. Kudler Fine Foods has no consistent purchasing procedure. The three department managers at each store independently place orders with suppliers based on the department managers subjective assessment of store requirements.Further, the onus is on the department manager to obtain the best set, quality, and bringing possible (Apollo Group, 2009, Supply Chain Overview, para. 1). This purchasing structure lacks both vertical and lateral collaboration and relies on the individual department m anagers to take additional steps to coordinate purchasing with other department managers. No mechanism for department managers to compare or discuss store needs among counterparts and no consistent pricing structure between store locations. A vertical disconnect is evident in that Kathy Kudler also places orders independent from the store managers.An action plan to improve both vertical and lateral collaboration within Kudler Fine Foods involves improvements to the purchasing process. Department managers would be required to have a department manager weekly revue meeting where store merchandise needs, trends, and purchase requirements would be compared, discussed, and coordinated laterally into a purchase order plan. This purchase plan would be submitted vertically to a central purchasing agent at the administrative level who would facilitate the negotiation and purchase from suppliers to ensure the best pricing and quality.Key Stakeholders Kathy Kudler is the founder of KFF. She i s the primary stakeholder, and because the company is a privately owned entity there are no shareholders in the company. The company does have investors who have a stake in the company. The investors or stakeholders are both internal and external and are monitored by the company. The stakeholders include the employees, consumers, suppliers, banks, and Kathy Kudler, and each can have an affect or be affected by the company. When Kathy first decided to create Kudler fine foods, she obtained financing.This is done generally through banks. Banking institutions will extend credit terms to consumers such as Kathy. Kathy can also go to these banks when she is obtaining funding for new stores or launching new products. Banking institutions can also help with extending the line of credit when peek seasons are low and profits talent not be as large. The main point of financing comes from banking institutions. The staff of KFF is critical to the daily operations of the company. These employee s have direct contact with consumers and serve as a primary point of contact for Kathy and consumers.Employees contribute to labor and the expertise to the company. In daily activities these employees are responsible for the growth of the stores, the appearance stores, maintenance in the stores, training new staff, and picking up the slack when other employees are not available. Because Kathy is not available daily to exculpate these activities it is important for the staff to complete these activities and ensure the success of the company. Consumers are a large part of the company, it is important for the consumers needs to be met, and this is done typically through purchasing goods.Customers rely on employees and Kathy to provide the goods that they are willing to purchase. Customers requests need to be met and Kudler has to decide whether the requests of the customer can be met or are feasible for the company to provide. If the products are not available to the consumer the comp any needs to look into alternate options to solve the problem and to keep the customer. Suppliers can also play an important role in the company. These suppliers are the backbone of the company and provide all the products necessary for the company to be successful.KFF have suppliers for wine, cheese, fresh produce, organic meats, and all bakery items. These come from both local and national suppliers. The local products ensure the highest quality of products and these suppliers need to remain on good financial terms to continue to build a business relationship. expiry Kathy Kudler has achieved success by hiring managers who take social responsibility seriously because he or she already has firm intuitions about what constitutes ethical and unethical conduct (Heath, 2006).The success of the company has many factors that contribute. The way that the stakeholders of the company relate and work together are important factors in any companies success. KFF has achieved the success the c ompany has because of their ability to interact positively with all the stakeholders in the company. The existence of the company is to serve the customers of the community with the highest quality of gourmet foods. Kathy Kudlers mission, vision, and values have made the company a success and a reality. References Apollo Group, Inc. 2009) Kudler Fine Foods 2003 Strategic Plan. Retrieved July 24, 2011 from https//ecampus. phoenix. edu/secure/aapd/cist/vop/Business/Kudler2/intranet/ad/strategicPlan. htm Apollo Group, Inc. (2009) Kudler Fine Foods Supply Chain Overview. Retrieved July 24, 2011 from https//ecampus. phoenix. edu/secure/aapd/cist/vop/Business/Kudler2/intranet/op/supplyChainOverview. htm Fontaine, C. W. (2007). Organizational Structure A Critical Factor for Organizational Effectiveness and Employee Satisfaction. Retrieved from professorfontaine. om/files/Organizational_Structure_White_Paper_v7b. pdf Kudler Fine Foods, About Kudler Fine Foods Our Mission, 2010, Retrieved f rom https//ecampus. phoenix. edu/secure/aapd/cist/vop/Business/Kudler2/internet/about. htm Kudler Fine Foods, Strategic Plan, 2003, Retrieved from https//ecampus. phoenix. edu/secure/aapd/cist/vop/Business/Kudler2/intranet/ad/StrategicPlan2003. pdf Pearce, J. A. II, & Robinson, R. B. (2009). Strategic management Formulation, implementation, and control (11th ed. ). New York, NY McGraw-Hill.

Death Penalty Argument Essay

Argue in favour or against this proposalThe death penalisation isnt always the best way to deal with serious crimes, but it also depends on what you would class as a serious crime. The death penalty was abolished in 1965 for murder and in 1998 for all circumstances, we have managed to deal with most murders with executing them now so why do we need to bring it rachis?The death penalty puts innocent lives at risk. Many people have been executed but months, or even years, later have found proscribed to be innocent or that there was no way they could have committed the crime.The death penalty also cost a lot of money. It is estimated that it costs $9 million per year in America for the death penalty alone. If they were to get rid of it they would save over $2.3 million.However the public need to be kept safe and if a dangerous criminal got onto the streets, after he has served his sentence, they would be terrified of what he could do next because nothing is stopping him committing more crimes.The death penalty goes against almost every religion. A human life is very valuable and those against the death penalty believe that even the worst murderers should not be deprived of the value of their lives. They believe that the value of the offenders life cannot be destroyed by the offenders bad stand even if they have killed someone.Mentally ill people are executed. Many mentally ill people are unable to to participate in their trials and come along unengaged, cold and unfeeling before the jury. Some have been forcibly medicated in order to make them competent to be executed.

Vikram Sarabhai Essays and Term Papers

MASTER OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS (MCA) MCA/ASSIGN/III/YEAR/2012 ASSIGNMENTS Year, 2012-13 (3rd Semester) (MCS-031, MCS-032, MCS-033, MCS-034, MCS-035, MCSL-36) There ar ten questions in this assignment, which carries 80 tag. Rest 20 marks argon for oral-voce. Answer only the questions. You may use illustration and diagrams to enhance the explanations. Please go through the guidelines regarding assignments precondition in the MCA Programme Guide for the format of presentation. The examples, whenever asked to be given, should be different from those that are discussed in the course material. motility1 Using Insertion Sort, as cast the following sequence in increasing (10 marks) order and do the analysis of the algorithm 35, 37, 18, 15, 40, 12 hesitation 2 Write a pseudocode for divide and scourge algorithm for finding the grade of an array of n numbers and envision the number of key comparisons made by your algorithm. (10 marks) Question 3 Apply quicksort to sort the following list Q U I C K S O R T (10 marks) in alphabetical order. Find the element whose position is unchanged in the sorted list. Question 4 Write Strassens matrix multiplications algorithm for obtaining the product of two matrices. 10 marks) Question 5 (i) desex DFS. exempt briefly how it differs from BFS. (10 marks) (ii) Write pseudocode for DFS and calculate its time complexity Question 6 Apply Kruskals algorithm to find minimal spanning tree with an example. (10 marks) Question7 present the following growth rates in increasing order O (3n), O (n2), O (1), O (n log n) Question 8 Using rule of Mathematical Induction, prove that the sum 20 + 21 ++ 2n is 2n +1 1 for all n ? 1. (4 marks) (6 marks) Question 9 Define Knapsack Problem and distinguish integrity instance of the problem. (5 arks) Question 10 Explain the essential idea of Dynamic Programming. How does Dynamic Programming differ from Divide and conquer approach for resolving problems? (5 marks) 3 kind reckon Course Titlle assumement Number fitting Marks Weightage Last Dates for Submission MCS-032 Object Oriented Analysis and Design MCA(3)/032/Assign/2012 100 25% fifteenth October, 2012 (For July 2012 Session) 15th April, 2013 (For January 2013 Session) There are eight questions in this assignment, which carried 80 marks. Rest 20 marks are for viva-voce. Answer all the questions.Make necessary assumptions where ever required. Please go through the guidelines regarding assignments given in the Program Guide for the format of presentation. Question 1 What is Object Orientation? Explain features of Object Oriented approach of system design. Why it is better than Structured approach of system design. (10 Marks) What is UML? Briefly explain, different UML Diagrams used for Modeling. Question 2 (10 Marks) Question 3 What is class diagrams? Explain how classes are identified in designing of an object oriented system, with the help of an example. (10 Marks) What is generalization?Explain how it is dif ferent from specialization with an example. Question 4 (10 Marks) Question 5 What is dynamic model? Also explain how it is different from object model. (10 Marks) Question 6 What is state diagram ? Differentiate amid a simple state diagram and a composite state diagram. Draw state diagram for Railway Reservation System. (10 Marks) What is Bi- directing Implementation? Explain advantages of Bi- directional Implementation with example. (10 Marks) What is ternary association? Explain how ternary associations are mapped into tables with an example. (10 Marks)Question 7 Question 8 4 Course Code Course Title Assignment Number Maximum Marks Weightage Last Dates for Submission MCS-033 Advanced Discrete Mathematics MCA(3)/033/Assign/2012 100 25% 15th October, 2012 (For July 2012 Session) 15th April, 2013 (For January 2013 Session) There are FIVE questions of sum up 80 marks in this assignment. Answer all questions. 20 Marks are for viva-voce. You may use illustrations and diagrams to enhance explanations. Please go through the guidelines regarding assignments given in the Programme Guide for the format of presentation.Question 1 (a) Using Karnaugh map, simplify X ABCD+ ABCD+ ABCD+ ABCD (5 Marks) (b) Describe Konigsbergs 7 bridges problem and Eulers effect to it. B (5 Marks) (c) Show that the sum of the degrees of all vertices of a graph is twice the number of edges in the graph. (5 Marks) Question 2 (a) Let G be a non directed graph with 12 edges. If G has 5 vertices all(prenominal) of degree 3 and the rest brook degree less than 3, what is the minimum number of vertices G can have? (5 Marks) (b) What is Graph Cloning? Explain K-edge cloning with an example. (5 Marks) c) Let f(n)= 5 f(n/ 2) + 3 and f(1) = 7. Find f(2k) where k is a positive integer. Also estimate f(n) if f is an increasing function. (5 Marks) Question 3 (a) Define r-regular graph. Give an example of 3-regular graph. (5 Marks) (b) f is bijective function with Range of f as the (5 Marks) 5 (c) What are isomorphic graphs? Are the graphs given below isomorphic? Explain why? (7 Marks) a b 1 d c 3 4 2 (i) (ii) (4 Marks) (d) What is affiliated Graph? Construct a graph with chromatic number 5. Question 4 (a) Solve following recurrence relations i) = + n, =2 (9 Marks) sing switch method ii) iii) 9 = (b) Write a short note on Tower of Hanoi Problem. How can it be solved using recursion ? Question 5 (a) Show that for subgraph H of a graph G ? (H) ? ? (G) (b) What is Divide and Concuer relations? Explain with an example? (4 Marks) (4 Marks) (4 Marks) (c) Find a power series associated with the problem where we have to find a number of ways to select 10 people to form and expert committee from 6 Professors and 12 Associate Professors. (4 Marks) (d) Tree is a Bipartite Graph justify the statement with an example? (4 Marks) 6Course Code Course Title Assignment Number Maximum Marks Weightage Last Dates for Submission MCS-034 computer software Engineering MCA(3)/034/Assign/12 100 25% 15th October, 2012 (For July 2012 Session) 15th April, 2013 (For January 2013 Session) This assignment has one question for 80 marks. 20 marks are for viva voce. You may use illustrations and diagrams to enhance the explanations. Please go through the guidelines regarding assignments given in the Programme Guide for the format of presentation. Question 1 Assume that you are assigned responsibility of puzzleing a Student Admission System (SAS).Admissions take place through various modes such as accepting applications by post, online etc. SAS should accept data from all modes and create a merit list for admissions to various programmes offered by the University. For developing SAS as specified above, (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Which SDLC paradigm get out be selected. Justify your answer. List the functional and non-functional requirements. Estimate cost Estimate effort Develop SRS using IEEE format (20 marks) (10 marks) (10 marks) (10 marks) (30 marks) 7 Course Code Course Title As signment Number Maximum Marks Weightage Last Dates for Submission MCS-035 posterancy and Financial Management MCA (3)/035/Assign/2012 100 25% 15th October, 2012 (For July 2012 Session) 15th April, 2013 (For January 2013 Session) This assignment has five questions. Answer all questions. 20 marks are for viva voce. You may use illustrations and diagrams to enhance the explanations. Please go through the guidelines regarding assignments given in the Programme Guide for the format of presentation. Question 1 From the following Trial Balance of Rama Nand Sagar, give Trading and usefulness & Loss Account for the form ended thirty-first December, 2011 and a Balance Sheet as on that dateDr.Balances Opening Stock Purchases sales Return fishing tackle Inwards Carriage Outwards Wages Salaries Plant & Machinery Furniture Sundry Debtors Bills Receivable Cash in Hand Travelling Expenses Lighting exact and Taxes General Expenses Insurance Drawings Rs. 20,000 80,000 6,000 3,600 800 42,0 00 27,500 90,000 8,000 52,000 2,500 6,300 3,700 1,400 7,200 10,500 1,500 18,000 3,81,000 Cr. Balances Sales Purchase Return Discount Sundry Creditors Bills Payable Capital Rs. 2,70,000 4,000 5,200 25,000 1,800 75,000 3,81,000 8 Adjustments(1) Stock on thirty-first December, 2011 was valued at Rs. 24,000 (Market repute Rs. 0,000). (2) Wages expectant for December, 2011 amounted to Rs. 3,000. (3) Salaries outstanding for December, 2011 amounted to Rs. 2,500. (4) Prepaid insurance amounted to Rs. 300. (5) Provide depreciation on Plant and Machinery at 5% and on Furniture at 20%. (20Marks) Question 2 Following are the balance sheets of a limited company as on 31st December, 2010 and 2011. Liabilities 2010 Rs. 2011 Rs. As placeds 2010 Rs. 2011 Rs. Share Capital Reserves B. & L A/c Bank Loan (Long-term) Creditors Bills Payable 64,000 13,000 8,600 25,000 38,000 8,000 1,56,600 84,000 15,500 8,800 34,000 8,500 1,50,800Goodwill Buildings Plant Stock Debtors Cash Bank 3,000 50,950 35,000 25, 500 42,000 150 1,56,600 2,250 48,000 43,000 18,800 36,200 180 2,100 1,50,800 Taking into account the following additional information, you are re-required to prepare funds flow statement and statement of changes in working capital. (a) Dividend paid was Rs. 6,000/(b) Rs. 3,600/- was written off as depreciation on plant and Rs. 2,950/- on buildings. (c) gain ground on sale of plant was Rs. 3,000/(20 Marks) 9 Question 3 The following are the ratios extracted from the Balance Sheet of a company as on 31st Dec 2011. Draw up the Balance Sheet of the company.Current Liabilities Current Assets Liquidity ratio Stock Turnover Ratio (Based on COGS) Fixed Assets Turnover Ratio (Based on sale) Gross Profit as percentage of sales Debtor collection period Working capital Shareholders Capital Reserve and Surplus 1. 0 2. 5 1. 5 6 2 20% 2 Months Rs. 3, 00,000 Rs. 5, 00,000 Rs. 2, 50,000 (20 Marks) Question 4 Critically examine the various methods of evaluation of capital budgeting proposals? Expla in the importee and application of the technique of discounted cash-flow. (20 Marks) Question 5 What do you mean by receivable management? What are its objectives?Explain the dimensions of receivable management. (20 Marks) 10 Course Code Course Title Assignment Number Maximum Marks Weightage Last Dates for Submission MCSL-036 Lab Course MCA (3)/036L/Assign/2012 100 25% 31st October, 2012 (For July 2012 Session) thirtieth April, 2013 (For January 2013 Session) This assignment has three sections. Answer all the questions in each section. Section 1 and Section 2 are of 13 marks each. The lab records link to these sections also carries 13 marks each. Section 3 and lab records related to section 3 carry 14 marks each. Rest 20 marks are for viva voce.You may use illustrations and diagrams to enhance the explanations. Please go through the guidelines regarding assignments given in the Programme Guide for the format of presentation. SECTION 1 MCS-032 Question 1 Ram and Shyam are sta rting a breakfast in a small town. They will have three bedrooms for guests. They want to develop software service to manage the reservations and to monitor expenses and profits. When a potential customer calls for a reservation, they will check the calendar, and if there is a vacancy, they will enter the customer name, address, phone number, dates, hold upon price, credit card number, and room number(s).Reservations must be guaranteed by 1 days payment. Reservations will be held without guarantee for an agreed upon time. If not guaranteed by that date, the reservation will be dropped. i) Draw at least two use case diagrams and define all the classes. ii) Draw the chronological sequence and Collaboration Diagrams. iii) Draw the Class Diagrams. iv) Draw the State Transition Diagram. v) Draw the Component Deployment Model. SECTION 2 MCS-034 Question 1 An automobile dealer wants to change its inventory. It can record all of the cars that a customer purchases. It records all repairs . It records all arriving shipments of repair parts.The dealer wants daily reports on total daily repairs, daily sales, and total inventory. This report is called dailyreport. The dealer also keeps track of all customers and potential customers that visit the dealership. The dealer also wants a monthly report showing all visits and purchases by customers listed by day of the month. The dealer also wants the ability to query about any customer or potential customer. (2 marks) (3 marks) (3 marks) (3 marks) (2 marks) 11 i) Develop the SRS by playacting requirements study. ii) Identify various processes of the system and generate the DFDs for the system.You may use any software to develop the DFD. iii) Design the ER diagram for the company and do the database design giving all the constraints. iv) Perform the detailed procedural design for any two processes. (2 marks) (2 marks) (2 marks) (2 marks) v) Create at least four test cases for each of the procedures designed in part (iv) (2 m arks) vi) Suggest some security mechanism for the usage of the system with various privileges. (2 marks) vii) Draw the PERT diagram for the given set of tasks and dependencies. Complete the table showing the critical path and the slack time. 2 marks) SECTION 3 MCS-035 Question 1 Prepare Trading Account and Profit and Loss A/c of Mr. Sanyam and Balance Sheet from the following balances extracted from books for the year ending 31st March 2009 (14 marks) Trial Balance of Mr. Sanyam as on 31st March, 2009 Dr. Amount (Rs. ) 1,520 17,425 10,000 900 4,000 2,750 50 100 50 100 100 150 300 500 18,750 150 Cr. Amount (Rs. ) Particulars Cash Account Bank Account Machinery Account Furniture A/c Stock (1-4-2005) Purchase A/c Discount Allowed Repair A/c Cartage A/c Municipal Taxes Advertising A/c Rent A/c Salaries Bad debts A/c Capital Bad debts recovered A/c 2 Discount Received Sales Loan 12% p. a. Shyam Bros. 37,945 45 15,000 2,000 2,000 37,945 Following adjustment are to be made (i) Salaries Ou tstanding Rs. 200, Prepaid Rent Rs. 50. (ii) Provide depreciation on machinery at 10% write off furniture by 20%. (iii) Interest on loan has been due for one year and remained unpaid. (iv) Write off Rs. 400 which are not to be paid to Shyam Bros. (v) Provide interest on capital 6% p. a. for full year. (vi) Value of closing stock on 31. 3. 2006 was Rs. 8,000. 13

Historic Perspective of Organizational Theory Essay

Theories pertaining to concepts of solicitude were veritable by Max weber, Henri Fayol, and Elton mayo. instruction is the central component to an organized view on what each surmise encompasses, the contri unlessions and how the theories differ and even complementary factors. Individual contri moreoverions to centering theories impact system of rulesal power as wellhead as the association and state which the ideas are foc utilizationd. The legacy of theses theories go out continue to shape business in the present and future. Organizational system is designed to understand the nature of the makeup. By which organizations can evaluate its boilersuit business by putting the right structure and operate in different expressions. Organizational scheme also helps us understand how processes much(prenominal) as change and decision making can be managed. It deals with different structures and cultures such as stupendous organizations have different structures and cultures tha n small ones, and the manufacturing organizations operate in a different way than those in the service sector. (Burton & Obel, 1984)Frederick Taylor composed the principles of scientific management in the early nineteenth century, which marked the beginning of modern management theory (Robbins, 2000). The theory influenced management and has the greatest impact because of the closet on application of scientific method. Further much, managers relied upon instinct and intuition as the source of constructive ides and in regulateation but the scientific method provided a formulation for conscious analysis.Max Weber contributed to management theory that inside a bureaucratic system the organization was continuous bond of rules and the hierarchical arrangement is where one take was subject to control by thelevel above. Bureaucracy lends to the notion of society becoming more merged and more complex. Organizations have become more dependent on specialists and experts for advice and for influence. In the managerial perspective, democracy is seen as a consequence of elite competition (Alford and Friedland1985,). Henri Fayol, an industrialist divided the management structure into six basic groups, technical, commercial, financial, security, bill and managerial activities. The six categories or groups are not absolute but can be manipulated harmonise to purpose and need. Fourteen general principles of management were essential such as organize, delegate, staff, control, co- ordinate, lead and budget, your organization will prosper with efficiency and effectiveness therefore bringing great cropivity. An administrative principle is a major(ip) contribution because this creates a narrower process of developing and maintaining procedures.The principle gives clear structure and rules and takes into consideration the changing environment and it applies to the organization, powers, duties and information that sets each organization apart and the basis for which all empl oyees can be adept. A severe form of rules and power being still govern any organizations so that uniformity can be established. Bureaucratic organizations have become more of a necessary function to the advancement of the economy and society at large because some cities and towns are dependant upon the economic benefits. The advance of large scale corporations with more coordination within markets forces our government to become more bureaucratic because businesses have become informal controllers and dictators. The inevitability of bureaucracies adhesive friction increased industrialization reflects the functional emphasis within the concept of management.Frederick Taylor and Henri Fayol are both considered classical contributors to management theory. Developers of an expressionist viewpoint during a period when the aim was elevating the standards of management within the industry that was veiled but instead created a balance and established equity (Brodie, 1967). The two theor ists provided the few publications and theories on management. Both theories were essential under the same influencing factors such as war, social struggles and industrial revolution (Urwick. 1951, p7), however each developed different management theories and instructions and vantage points. scientific management and he developed scientific principles of management, charge on the individual,rather than the team and aimed to improve efficiency through return-line time studies, breaking each billet dismantle into its components and designing the quickest and best methods of performing each component.Fayol provided insight on the human response and identified needs of the individually and that work can be tailored base on intelligence, oscilloscope and abilities. Taylor focused on the total organization rather than the individual doer, outlining the management functions of planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating and controlling. The theories proposed by Fayol and Mayo d iffer greatly in all body politics. Fayol concentrated on management functions and attempted to generate a boarder perspective and on principles that would serve as guidelines for the rationalization of organizational activities and looked at an organization as a whole (Scott, 1992). Mayo focused on penury techniques and individual satisfaction. Fayol directed attention on areas such as the production process and adjusted humans to this process, versus Mayos human traffic ascend emphasized the coordination of human and social elements in an organization by chaseing concept such as* Consultation,* Participation* Communication and leadership.The employee of an organization is seen as a machine in Fayols theory rather than an important part of the organization. Employees needs according to Mayo are based on the idea that workers are happy they will be more productive. Theories proposed by Fayol and Mayo differ greatly in all areas. Fayol emphasized management functions and attemp ted to generate broad administrative principles that would serve as guidelines for the rationalization of organizational activities (Scott, 1992) and looked at an organization as a whole. Mayo focused on motivation techniques and individual satisfaction. Fayol emphasized the production process and adjusted humans to this process that included relational approach emphasized the coordination of human and social element. Characteristics of bureaucratism Weber believed that all large organizations would over time have more bureaucratic characteristics.These characteristics were one a high degree of division of labor, two a power structure of ascendance, three theuse of formal written documents and files, 4 the expert training of organizational members, five decisions manoeuver by written rules and procedures, and 6 an impersonality in human relationships. Division of Labor The organization, according to Weber, was broken down into reissue units with their areas of responsibility of ficially established by organizational policy. Similar to Administrative Managements concept of departmentalization, Weber proposed that such specialization by organizational units led to greater efficiency. The people affect would unless need to be trained in a limited area of knowledge. They could l put one across their jobs hurrying and thus perform more competently. 2. Hierarchy of Authority. deal Fayol, Weber noted that when the organization was divided into separate units, their activities needed to be coordinated by a hierarchy of graded levels of authority. This authority, according to Weber, was rational-legal, resting on a belief by the members of the organization that those people occupying higher gravels had a right to issue commands to those occupying lower levels.The authority resided in the legally established and impersonal offices (job positions), not in the people themselves. Weber contrasted this rational form of authority with the non-bureaucratic tradition al authority based upon loyalty to the person of the chief or monarch. In hostelry for an organization to continue operating for many years, it must become somewhat independent not only of the people who founded it, but also of the people who managed its activities. The extensive use of formal, written documents in e reallyday employment and a sophisticated register system was the characteristic giving the bureaucratic organization certain immortality. masses could come and go in specific jobs over time but the bureaucratic organization move to function efficiently with minimal problems. The knowledge of past events, along with the power that it conveyed, belonged to the specific position (in the filing cabinet) and was only temporarily used by the person holding the position. Anyone new to a particular position could learn what actions had been taken and decisions make by the previous person in the job by acquittance to the relevant files.Expert Training Weber envisioned that the specialization of positions would enable people to be trained more thoroughly in a narrow range of activities. Employees would be hired and promoted based upon sexual morality and expertise. Decisions and Operations Guided ByWritten Rules and Procedures. A key characteristic of bureaucracy was the idea that an organizations employees followed written rules, which were assumed to be generally stable. The use of rules and procedures made the organization more efficient because they made peoples behavior more predictable and reliable. Rules served not only to make the organization independent of any one individual over time, but also to ensure that actions and decisions made in different parts of the organization were consistent at any given time. Human variability was reduced. In any given set of circumstances, anywhere or anytime in the organization, the same decision would be made and the same actions taken as long as the rules were followed.Impersonality from Webers point of view, the very impersonality of bureaucracy was a significant improvement over earlier forms of organization. By applying rules and controls impersonally, involvement with personalities and personal preferences was avoided. Employees and customers of a bureaucracy were not considered as individuals but as members of categories. This helped to ensure fair and unbiased treatment according to lawfulness the policies and standard procedures of the organization. Managers were constrained by the same impersonal network of rules as were their subordinates. Actions and decisions could no longer be justified on the basis of personal opinion or on tradition.Bureaucratic Management based on Webers description of bureaucracy has been criticized by a number of scholars in the area there is agreement that he made a significant impact on the field of management and the study of organizations. Unlike Fayol, however, Weber did not recommend a new system of management for others to follow and imita te. Merely described what he saw as the inevitable movement by organizations to become progressively bureaucratic over time. An over developed bureaucratic mechanism in comparison with other organizations conflicts with the non-mechanical modes of production and allows dominance and could cause a monopoly.Legacy of traditional ManagementTraditional Management, as it is now known, was organise out of Scientific Management, Administrative Management, and Bureaucratic Management. By the mid-twentieth century, the use of Scientific Management techniques and Administrative Management principles within a rationally structuredbureaucratic organization became the accepted way of managing large organizations. base upon some key self-reliances from classical economics regarding economic man, division of labor, and profit maximization, the concepts, techniques, and prescriptions of Traditional Management succeeded in producing a large number of standardized products and serving a large num ber of customers with similar needs. Traditional Management seemed incapable of dealing effectively with changing conditions. The best of traditional management found themselves, in the second half of the twentieth century, floundering in the face of more flexible competition with different ideas of managing. The use of traditional managements prescriptions and techniques resulted in dysfunctional as well as functional consequences for organizational performance.The functional consequences outweighed the dysfunctional consequences organizations following the traditional approach were very successful. In the early 1900s in uniting America and Europe, for example, business corporations operated very efficiently and made huge salary selling valued products and services. The dysfunctional consequences present at that time were too few in number and too small in size to overwhelm the vast amount of functional consequences. For example, the epitome of Scientific Management, Henry Fords moving assembly line, created jobs in the 1920s for thousands of unskilled workers at double ($5/day) the current net profit for similar work. It produced the first automobile affordable by the average person. The jobs may have been monotonous, but worker boredom did not keep the Model T and the Ford Motor Company from becoming a great success story. As time passed, however, and Traditional Management became more institutionalized in large organizations, the dysfunctional consequences began to increase in number and in size. Organizational performance and productivity increased at a fast rate from 1900 to 1950. After 1950, however, the rate of performance improvement began to slow.An increasing use of Scientific Management assembly lines and bureaucratic procedures appeared to result in less and less of a performance increase. Like heroin, increasing the use of Traditional Management practices seemed to result in a smaller amount of wanted outcomes. It is suggested here that the continued and even increasing use of Traditional Management practices without significant modification in the face of a fast-changing world contributed to the decline in organizational performance. Thedysfunctional consequences of Traditional Management began to stack up to such an extent that they finally outweighed the functional consequences. Organizational effectiveness and efficiency stopped improving and profits began to decline in the face of aggressive Japanese competition The concept that has the greatest utility by Traditional Management on standardization of the production process as well as the product meant that there could be no room for human variability.The emphasis on rules, principles, and the one best way meant that the behavior of employees must be uniform and predictable if maximum efficiency was to be attained. The basic assumption underlying Traditional Management about the motivation of people stemmed from the concept of economic man. mountain were expected to behave rationally. Rational people were supposedly motivated by their own economic self-interest. Weber and Fayol did not directly emphasize economic incentives, traditional management generally assumed that employees wanted to earn the most money for the least work. Traditional Management expected employees to be motivated to do very specialized standardized jobs simply because of the workers strong need for money.BibliographyBrodie, M. (1967) Fayol on Administration. Mowbray & Co, Oxford. Burton, R. M. & Obel, B. (1984) Designing Efficient Organizations Modeling and Experimentation, normality Holland, Amsterdam Robbins, S.P., Bergman. Stagg, I & Coulter, M. (2000), Management, (2nd Edn) Prentice Hall Scott, W. R. (1992). Organizations Rational, Natural, and Open Systems. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs. Australia Pry Ltd Taylor, F. (1947) scientific management comprising cheat on management. The principles of scientific management and Testimony before the special House commi ttee. Harper, New York. Urwick, L., Brech, E. (1951) The Making of Scientific Management. pitman & Sons, London.

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Phrenology Essay

After snuff ital magnetic resonance imaging was first introduced, it has been chthonian criticism that it is non hard science. The most common technique, the BOLD (blood oxygen level-dependent) functional magnetic resonance imaging, measures the increase in regional cerebral blood flow in response to increased metabolism, which is to be caused from heightened activity of neuron bagging (Menon & Kim, 1999). Some neurologists suppose that this is an indirect way of measuring mind-set activity, and is not sufficient to support either idea. By many scientists fMRI is often comp atomic number 18d to phrenology, a study that once gained popularity in the 19th century.Phrenology is base on the concept that the brain is the organ of the mind, and that certain brain areas have place, specific functions or modules (Fodor, 1983). This is same to fMRI practitioners attempts to localize brain structure, matching the divided parts of the brain with certain functions. Judging whether fMR I is a new form of phrenology concerns two points fMRIs similarities to phrenology, and fMRIs significance to be admitted as the new form. This will also lead to the question of whether fMRI scan is pregnant to be presented as evidence in appeal.The logic of fMRI is straight-forward. Brain parts that light up to a certain stimulus, is related to the function provoked by the stimulus. The fMRI machine measures increase in blood flow in brain regions. The regions with increased blood flow appear in brighter colors, in red or yellow (Dobbs, 2005). fMRIs logic of relating higher blood flow and function is similar to that of phrenology, which relates size of lump to function. From this analogy we can say that fMRI can be considered round form of phrenology. Another reason that fMRI is compared to phrenology is for its limitations (Menon & Kim, 1999).MRIs problem rise from the fact that it does not aim interactions between parts. It takes a univariate approach to the brain, implying that only one factor is considered as variable. The current fMRI shows voxels activity as one sum, meaning that it cannot collect relational or sequential information of brain parts (Dobbs, 2005). Many neurologists believe that brain parts interaction is an important aspect, and fMRIs inadequacy of capacity to do so results in criticism. Compared with the old phrenology, fMRI shares the same view that brains have localized functions. However, fMRI takes a more scientific approach than the old phrenology.Although it has its limitation in presenting spatial information, it does endure in relating brains structure and the minds function. Although the old phrenology is labeled pseudoscience and no longer acknowledged in the field of science anymore, it has had its contributions. It sparked the idea that mind can be localized, such as language and memory. In the same context fMRI can contribute, only much more than the old phrenology. Although fMRIs blood flow measurement and the actua l neural activity do not perfectly check over with each other (Dobbs, 2005), significant correlation can be drawn from the fMRI scanning.As for the system as court evidence, I see fMRI scan valuable as evidence, for fMRI does show some level of correlation of parts of brains and certain activity. fMRI should not be criticized and banned from court just because of its possibility of erroneous conclusion (Hughes, 2010). Even witnesses testimonies are bound to be wrong, but their testimonies are accepted as evidence. Thus fMRI should be allowed to be presented as evidence in court. However, the juries should be made aware that fMRI scan is an arbitrarily interpreted output, and contain risks of erroneous conclusions.I believe fMRI will gain stronger grounds in the court later in the future though, with the evoke of technology as mentioned above. Some compare neurologists with fMRI to molecular biologists with light microscopes (Jaffe, 2004), for the reason that the capacity of fMRI is not sufficient for neurological study. It must be taken into account that later light microscopes evolved to negatron microscopes, meaning that also fMRI will offer improved spatial and temporal information in the future. Its potential must be acknowledged, and in the meantime there should be efforts to find complementary abridgment methods (Hubbard, 2003).

Barriers Erected By Health Care Systems

Health is fully available in every moment as one of the or so gateible of lifes biological forces. Health is a feeling of basic and fundamental goodness, integrity and uncompromising strength. Health get by systems are designed to help maintain the wellness of individuals by eliminating disease, illness or injury from the body system. However there are barriers that limit wellness dole out systems from achieving their goals. The barriers may include shortage of health weeers, unaffordable health fright serve, lack of health fretfulness equipments.Shortage of health workers in hospitals e finickyly during weekends occurs because of inadequate funding which compromises the ability of providers to provide a quality and affordable health worry services. Some of the barriers of health care are erected by our divisive and dualistic western culture, another(prenominal)s by our aver habits to separate rather than unify. Making health care affordable is one way of eliminatin g virtu totallyy barriers of health care this ensures that every one can visit a health digest or clinic without solicitude of being overcharged.Setting up health savings accounts (HSAs) gives workers the opportunity to save tax-free routine expenses, the security of restitution against major illnesses and the freedom of knowing you can take your account with you whenever you tilt jobs. Barriers erected by health care personnel Shortage of health care personnel /workers creates a barrier to accessing quality health care. step health cares are services offered by people caring for other people. Patients and the general mankind are unaware of this critical problem and always pat the health workers for insufficiency.Recently accompanied by grand produce for her appointment to the hospital and I was very disappointed, we reported very early for her check up since she was development a pace maker for breathing, we had to wait for three hours before being attended. This was ver y frustrating. I idea this was worse but and elderly man was brought to the waiting bay with epilepsy. He was convulsing after every dickens minutes but no one seemed to notice. The nurses and other workers seemed so busy taking care of other patience so we assumed they were ignoring those on the waiting bay.Barriers created by health care systems In most health centers of hospitals health care equipments are insufficient. This results to poor health care administration many patients locomote due to lack of special equipments and drugs. I went for my practical in a certain health center and witnessed and elderly woman die from muscular dystrophy. This is a rare disease with very devastating symptoms. Her muscles would hire and remain in situ and this affected her breathing patterns. The doctor said there were ho resources to treat her unless if transferred to a defer hospital.Her family could not afford to transfer her to a bigger induction. In such situations the public tends to blame the health worker for insufficiency and at times negligence. The state should be responsible for funding health care centers and hospitals to provide enough resources, equipments and drugs. Lack of affordable health indemnification policies is also to blame in this case because if this patient had health insurance, she would access health care services from any health facility. Plans to change the barriers to reflect an environment of wellnessRising health care costs are imposing a burden on families and small businesses and swan health coverage out of the reach of many Americans. Employing to a greater extent health workers makes health care provision easier and better. This ensures that the ratio of health workers to patients is even. Reducing the rising costs of health care period improving quality and safety, makes health care accessible to more people especially those with minimum wages. Having a free health centre or clinic in every poor country in America. This forget ensure that the jobless also endure access to quality health care.This allow for increase the heel of people served by health centers by approximately 35%. Fighting health care bosh and waste by cutting wasteful spending out the Medicare and Medicaid programme. Affordable health cares for low-income families and individuals. High healthcare costs are the reason why many Americans are not insured. The state could help them by contributing to buy their insurance. Affordable health cares for all children. This ensures that all children are born in hospitals and protect immediately after birth.Association Health Plans (AHPs) for civic groups and other connection organizations. Local groups should be allowed to bond in concert through their regional or national organizations to negotiate low-priced coverage for their members. Maternal child health care should be improved and made affordable to reduce child and maternal mortality rates. This should be coupled with decreased post partum rest to an average of seven days. Hospitals should not overcharge patients for long stays in the wards. They should aim at providing affordable quality services to all patients.Public health awareness should be back upd to educate the public on the wideness of buying health insurance, routine medical checkup checkups and the importance of vaccinations. National market place to shop for health insurance should be established, individual consumers should have the freedom to shop for health insurance in a competitive market place across the state lines to increase the availability of health care coverage and drive down costs. State run insurance pools to help low income Americans get the most of their credits. Free health care for all children should be established.Strengthening contention between generic and brand name drugs will help American consumers save more than $35 billion in drug cost over the next 10 years. There should be more school-based enrollment where p arents are informed of the availability of health coverage for the children through medicaid. Grants to faith based and community organizations to join with their state medicaid To enroll targeted low-income children. Home visitation should be encouraged and enough funding put into this polity to provide transport and enough medication for the home visits.This should be coupled by the strengthen of the community follow up for the mothers and newborns by public health nurses. Direct accountability for implementation should be assigned by the policy to public health care professionals who believe in the initiative. The support of public health practitioners who advocate for this approach is required for implementation. . How the book changed my personal thinking The book changed my thinking by qualification me realize that the public is very ignorant to routine check ups such as spoon food smears, breast examination and eye check ups.Our attitude towards health workers especially n urses and doctors determine how we receive health services. Some people believe that doctors should be men with big bodies and so if treated by womanly doctors, they have a negative attitude. We should always be positive about the treatment we receive. It quickens the recovery process. well-favored them incentives allowances should motivate health workers or salary increments to encourage them provide better quality health services. In the hospital sector, a major barrier, which appears to have influenced implementations, is that of organizational context.These include lack of beds to allow for longer stays in hospitals and lack of funding to purchase hospital equipments. Direct funding flowed to heath units targeted for provision of special health services, eliminates barriers of health resources and medical equipments. The book made me realize that acquiring health insurances made it cheaper to access health care services. Public health units should receive additional recourses to provide a service they have long wanted to offer to the community and should be trained to provide it professionally. ConclusionPolicy enactment is sometimes in adequate to stimulate practice changes and barrier elimination in health care systems. However policy as a tool must thoughtfully address the organizational, professional and social contexts within which it is to be implemented. To reflect an environment of wellness, all players need to be included. Consumers need to know about health policies and should be informed about their health care options. Policy implementation in any health care system relies upon provider commitment. Providers, consumers and policy makers share the common goal of positive health outcomes.Consumers of health care need to be informed and prepared to hold both providers and policy makers accountable in the making and implementing of health policy. Providers must be convinced that the policy can be implemented and that the outcome will be positive . While health care is often described, as a product health services are fundamentally people caring for other people, therefore, health workers must be devoted to their work to serve and treat patients equally contempt of their financial status or racial backgrounds.When barriers to policy implementations pull through the policy may fail to meet its objectives to achieve quality affordable and accessible health care services. Health care should be made accessible by ensuring that every county has a health facility or a clinic to serve the community members. All health facilities should charge minimum fees to ensure that all individuals are able to visit health centers without fear of being overcharged. Health workers such as nurses and doctors should be encouraged to be polite and friendly to all patients despite the type of their conditions.Doctors should be encouraged to diagnose a patients condition well before prescribing any form of treatment. This ensures that patients are treated for the illnesses. Health system administrations must be established to serve every patient equally despite their races or financial affordability. Health care systems must be designed in such a way that they are able to treat any form of disease or illness. Crucial medical equipments should be provided to the hospitals by the state to make-work more efficient and also to save more lives.This is because patients wint need to be transferred to bigger facilities for treatment. Health care administration systems should encourage the health workers to encourage both patients and the public to buy health insurance so as to make assessing quality health care easier and cheaper for them and their families. For health care provision to be efficient the general public should be intricate in decision-making concerning the health system. REFERENCES Milio, N (1988). Primary care and the publics health Ann Arbor, Michigan, university press.